CPLR § 5014 Action upon judgment
CPLR § 5018 Docketing of judgment
CPLR § 5203 Priorities and liens upon real judgment
Nelson, L.P. v Jannace, 2011 NY Slip Op 06373 (2nd Dept., 2011)
In 2009 Nelson moved pursuant to CPLR 5014(1) for a renewal judgment, extending the lien on the defendants' real property for an additional 10 years. The defendants cross-moved pursuant to Debtor and Creditor Law § 150 to direct that a discharge of record be marked upon the docket of the judgment entered June 27, 2000, as amended January 25, 2001. The Supreme Court granted the motion and denied the cross motion. The defendants appeal.
Judgment was properly entered against Woods prior to her bankruptcy filing. Contrary to the defendants' contention, the amended judgment was properly entered after the Bankruptcy Court terminated ab initio the automatic bankruptcy stay of actions against Jannace and permitted entry of the judgment. The docketing of the money judgment, by operation of law, created a lien on the defendants' real property within the county (see CPLR 5018[a]; 5203; Gihon, LLC v 501 Second St., LLC, 29 AD3d 629). Since a lien is valid for 10 years (see CPLR 5203[a]), while a money judgment is viable for 20 years (see CPLR 211[b]), CPLR 5014 permits a judgment creditor to apply for a renewal of the judgment lien for an additional 10-year period (see Gletzer v Harris, 12 NY3d 468, 473). The Supreme Court properly granted Nelson's motion pursuant to CPLR 5014(1) for a renewal judgment, despite the defendants' discharge in bankruptcy.
"[A] discharge in bankruptcy is a discharge from personal liability only and, without more, does not have any effect on a judgment lien" (Matter of Acquisitions Plus, LLC v Shapiro, 7 AD3d 957, 958; 11 USC § 524[a][1]). Judgment liens and other secured interests ordinarily survive bankruptcy (see Carman v European Am. Bank & Trust Co., 78 NY2d 1066; McArdle v McGregor, 261 AD2d 591; Bank of N.Y. v Magri, 226 AD2d 412; see also Farrey v Sanderfoot, 500 US 291, 297). Moreover, a creditor need not object to the debtor's discharge in bankruptcy in order to preserve its lien, since the discharge does not affect the lien (see Carman v European Am. Bank & Trust Co., 78 NY2d 1066; McArdle v McGregor, 261 AD2d 591).
When the defendants received discharges in bankruptcy, their personal liability to the plaintiff on the judgment was discharged (see 11 USC § 524[a][1]). However, the defendants did not meet their burden of establishing that the liens on their real property were invalidated or surrendered in the bankruptcy proceedings or set aside in an action brought by the receiver or trustee. Accordingly, they were entitled only to a qualified discharge (see Debtor and Creditor Law § 150[4][b]; Carman v European Am. Bank & Trust Co., 78 NY2d 1066; Bank of N.Y. v Magri, 226 AD2d 412; Matter of Leonard v Brescia Lbr. Corp., 174 AD2d 621). "A qualified' discharge, as distinguished from an unqualified discharge, serves as notice to third parties that, notwithstanding the debtor-owner's discharge in bankruptcy, the property may, nonetheless, still be burdened by liens" (Carman v European Am. Bank & Trust Co., 78 NY2d at 1067).
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